On January 20, 2025, President Donald Trump signed Executive Order 14169, titled “Reevaluating and Realigning United States Foreign Aid”. The order directed a near-total freeze of foreign assistance programs, cutting 83% of USAID’s operations and reducing its workforce from approximately 10,000 to a skeletal 290 employees. Focusing on the role of USAID in the East and Horn of Africa, this anthology provides country-specifc assessments of the impact of the withdrawal of USAID for Kenya, Somalia/ Somaliland, South Sudan, Sudan and Uganda, by contributors from respective countries. It assesses the merits of the agency during its tenure, the impact of its restructuring and how countries in the region can cope with its withdrawal.