This study aims to investigate the functioning of Information and communications technology (ICT) in civil society, especially in terms of promoting civic participation on the way to the democratization of political regimes. We studied protests in Ukraine in 2013-2014 and the ongoing protests in Belarus in 2020.

The main sources that served our study are structured, in-depth interviews with experts (14 people), open statistics on the use of ICT during the protests on the Internet, media coverage, and academic publications. We used all this data to perform a comparative analysis of the use of ICT in protest activities.