In this study three distinguished researchers take a close look at the threat Russia and China pose to the democratic states in the world. Collectively, they promote a clear-eyed understanding of what these adversaries want, what they do, and how we could and should respond to their aggression. Despite decades of efforts by Western nations to bring China and Russia into the world as legitimate partners, both countries have sought to take advantage of the West’s good will and the openness of the international system. Given this state of affairs, what should the West do? As Russia’s strategy is about mobilizing the entire state and using cross-domain coercion, our response must also “be whole-of-state, multidimensional, coordinated.” The authors highlight the need to revitalize Western leadership that brings together the United States, Canada, and the EU to tackle global issues from climate change and COVID-19 to countering subversion of our democratic institutions and reducing European reliance on Russian energy resources. Despite its economic clout, China lacks the soft power that the US and other Western countries enjoy across the world. Therefore, it is argued, the country resorts to “sharp power” with the aim of eroding and undermining “transparency and accountability in targeted countries and organizations.