Publications

Malaysia's Special Economic Zones

Growth Engine and Balancing Tool

Malaysia's Special Economic Zones reflect a dual-track economic strategy: rapid integration into high-value regional supply chains and long-term domestic rebalancing. The Johor-Singapore Special Economic Zone (JS-SEZ), launched in 2025, demonstrates strong early momentum, attracting RM68 billion (USD17 billion) in approved investments within nine months and leveraging cross-border complementarities with Singapore. In contrast, the East Coast Economic Region (ECER) SEZ, established in 2008-2009, targets structural disparities by promoting industrial development in less-developed states. While JS-SEZ benefits from proximity to global capital and logistics networks, ECER faces constraints linked to geography, visibility, and execution capacity. Together, these zones illustrate Malaysia's attempt to move up the value chain while addressing internal inequality. The central policy challenge lies in sustaining investor confidence through credible execution and ensuring that high-growth zones do not deepen regional imbalances. These zones serve two distinct functions. First, they attract foreign direct investment in higher-value sectors such as digital services, advanced manufacturing, and green industries. Second, they address uneven development across regions. The contrast between the Johor-Singapore SEZ and the ECER SEZ illustrates this dual objective clearly.

The Hidden Costs of Exclusion: Gender Inequality in ASEAN Policymaking and Its Economic Implications

ASEAN is one of the world’s fastest-growing regions, yet persistent gender inequality continues to limit its economic potential. Women play a vital role in powering ASEAN’s economies, but they remain systematically underrepresented in leadership, policymaking, and high-value sectors. This report demonstrates that gender inequality is not only a matter of fairness but also a profound economic inefficiency, costing the region trillions in lost GDP and undermining sustainable development.

Special edition - Country reports with a difference

International comparison of accessibility

This publication provides research, compiled by some of our overseas offices, on the current situation of political participation for people with disabilities, in their respective countries. We hope that their reports will increase awareness of the sadly often persistent inequalities that remain and motivate all of us to pay greater heed to the issue of inclusion.

Rights, Representation and Reform: The Political Struggles of Persons with Disabilities in Malaysia

Country Report with a Difference: Malaysia

The report highlights the challenges faced by persons with disabilities in Malaysia’s political sphere. Despite making up 15% of the population, persons with disabilities encounter barriers such as inaccessible polling stations, a lack of braille ballots and sign language interpreters, and insufficient representation. Since 2007, only four senators with disabilities have been appointed to the 70-seat Dewan Negara. This representation (or lack thereof) remains inadequate for such a significant demographic. Although Malaysia has ratified the CRPD and enacted the Persons with Disabilities Act 2008, enforcement remains weak. The ASEAN Enabling Masterplan 2025 provides a framework for inclusion, but more progress is needed. As Malaysia chairs ASEAN in 2025, it must lead efforts to ensure full political inclusion for persons with disabilities. As a young and developing democracy, Malaysia has the potential to lead the region in inclusivity, demonstrating that every voice—regardless of ability—counts in building a just and equitable society.

Call for Paper: Women in ASEAN Economies

Women in ASEAN: The Impact of Women’s Inclusion in Policymaking and the Cost of Women’s Exclusion in Economies

What are the impacts of inclusive policymaking and what are the costs of exclusion?

The Economic Race in Southeast Asia – and why Europe is falling behind

How Europe can compete with China, Japan, and the United States?

In rapidly emerging Southeast Asia, global economic powers are vying for influence. While China, the United States, and Japan have strategically repositioned themselves in the region, Europe risks falling behind. What unites these three nations is their use of various models of cooperation between government and business as part of a comprehensive strategy to support their companies' market entry into Southeast Asia. Europe should learn from the strategic adjustments of its competitors and align its political measures more closely with the interests of European businesses in the region.

De-Risking, but where to?

The Emerging ASEAN countries as an alternative to China

The German economy should become more diversified. However, how and where such de-risking shall be implemented remains unclear. In search of suitable partners, both politics and business often turn their attention to the emerging economies of Southeast Asia. The dynamic growth of the so-called Emerging ASEAN (Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, and Vietnam) offers a seemingly promising alternative to the large neighbour China. However, a look at the economic data shows that the diversification potential in terms of Southeast Asia’s emerging markets is limited.

Environment, Social and Governance for SMEs Resilience

Case Insights for a Sustainable Future

This report offers a panoramic view of the sustainability journey of various Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), from traditional enterprises to innovative digital start-ups, in Malaysia that have reimagined their operations with a sustainable lens. These case studies provide a comprehensive perspective on the integration of Environment, Social and Governance (ESG) practices into different business models and their pivotal role in enhancing business resilience and competitiveness.

Inclusion in the Education Sector

A Look into Malaysia

According to the World Health Organisation and the World Bank, an estimate of one billion people around the world experience some form of disability. Of those, approximately 93 to 150 million of them are children. Over the decades, there have been numerous studies that indicate these children are less likely to go to school than other children and when they do attend school, it is likely to be in a segregated setting. In Malaysia, there have been government initiatives to improve the state of education for learners with disabilities. However, Malaysian advocates of disability rights continue to lament the mismatch between existing policies and practice, and the needs and requirements of the learners with disabilities.

Challenges for Women in Political Parties in Malaysia and Acceleration Strategies to Leadership in Politics

by Ummu Atiyah Ahmad Zakuan

The findings presented in this comprehensive study illustrate that the challenges faced by women in the political parties reflect similar challenges to those faced by women in the past. The reality of women in the political parties have not changed much over time, which shed light on why the political domain appears as the biggest gender gap compared to other domains. Despite educational advancement in the country, women continue to lag behind men in politics.