As China becomes a more consequential extra-regional actor in the Gulf, it is necessary to understand its approach to developing a presence there. Its approach, long dominated by a focus on economic relations, has resulted in a deep and broad set of bilateral relationships. This article examines China’s regional presence from two approaches: as a set of bilateral relationships shaped by a somewhat consistent regional policy, and as a response to systemic pressures and opportunities vis-à-vis its relationship with the US.