From Vision 2030 to Zeitenwende

In today’s multipolar world, where shifting U.S. priorities mean Washington is no longer the sole global hegemon, middle powers with advanced technological capabilities now have greater space to lead. Saudi Arabia and Germany share an orientation toward technological innovation and seek to build strategic agency. Accordingly, natural potentials for partnership between the two countries exist in the defence and security space. This policy report outlines concrete steps for Saudi Arabia and Germany to deepen their defence cooperation. In doing so, the two countries can offer a blueprint for strengthening EU–GCC relations in security and defence, demonstrating how targeted bilateral initiatives can inspire more ambitious frameworks at the regional level.