This review of election disinformation in the U.S., Brazil, and France highlights some of the ways that false information and misleading narratives can undermine democracy. In each country, disinformation spreads along a number of vectors: foreign actors, domestic politicians, social media users, and the traditional media. The authors conclude that “election disinformation appears poised to continue undermining democracy and diminishing public trust in government. It will take all of us—governments, civil society, members of the media, social media platforms, and end users—to defend against it and uphold global democracy.”

The views, conclusions and recommendations expressed in this report are solely those of its authors and do not reflect the views of the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, or its employees.