The failed judicial reform referendum marked Giorgia Meloni’s first major political setback. Having narrowly avoided a more serious government crisis, the question arises as to what remains of her far reaching institutional reform agenda. In the meantime, concerns are growing that the next parliamentary election could result in a stalemate between the centre right coalition and a potentially unified Campo Largo – a scenario of political stagnation that may be averted through a reform of the electoral system. This country report examines Meloni’s reform agenda in the light of three decades of structurally driven political instability and the earlier reform projects of Silvio Berlusconi and Matteo Renzi.