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Political stability, sustainable economic development, and the creation of opportunities for younger generations in North Africa and the Middle East are crucial for the future of Europe. Eight years after the Arab Spring, many parts of the region are still struggling with the consequences of armed conflict, an imbalance of power in favor of the executive, and challenges to the rule of law. At the same time, several countries have undertaken significant reforms. Initiatives to improve institutional structures and procedures are abundant. What does German and European foreign policy and development cooperation need to be aware of, and what can be done in order to foster the rule of law, efficient administration and a level of freedom that allows for investments, innovations and social peace in the region?