This work presents analyses of some of the main topics that will be debated at COP 30, examining topics that will be under discussion and their consequences for Brazil and the world. The six chapters that comprise it address strategies for adapting to climate change, the importance of renewable energy and the low-carbon economy, the challenges of energy transition—including the controversy surrounding the use of nuclear energy, the challenges for biodiversity preservation, and a reflection on the results that are expected at the end of the conference.