Geopolitics and Security Landscape in the Indo-Pacific: Military Perspectives on Emerging Challenges and Regional Resilience

Great-power rivalry, particularly between the United States and China, is reshaping the Indo-Pacific and placing greater pressure on regional security frameworks. China’s military modernisation and use of grey-zone tactics have heightened maritime tensions, while emerging domains such as cyber operations, information warfare, and advanced technologies are redefining defence planning. These dynamics challenge ASEAN’s capacity to deliver practical security outcomes, yet also underscore its role as a key platform for dialogue. For Thailand, this presents both risks and strategic opportunities. Adaptable defence priorities, stronger crisis-management mechanisms, and deeper cooperation with regional partners will be essential for maintaining resilience and navigating intensifying geopolitical competition.