Several Geneva forums focused on two main issues: the consequences of the Taliban's seizure of power in Afghanistan and climate change. Preparations for two important meetings at the end of this year are proving to be fraught with obstacles, it thus remains doubtful whether any breakthroughs can be expected at the long-awaited WTO Ministerial Conference at the end of November. A special session of the World Health Assembly on a potential pandemic treaty, which will be taking place at the same time, is similarly open-ended. A critical stocktaking took place regarding the COVAX initiative. At the UN Human Rights Council, the usual tug-of-war between autocratic and democratic countries continues - with successes for both sides.

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