Publicaciones

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN KOSOVO

The Investment Climate, Potential and Barriers

The aim of the research is to raise public awareness on the present state of FDI and its significance by analyzing the barriers that foreign investors face and by launching a broad based debate on the problems currently faced by FDI inflows in Kosovo as well as on policy measures to overcome them and subsequent precautionary measures (post-investment refers to post investment services) for existing investors in order to maintain and expand their investment (re-investments).

E-Government: What Can Cambodia Learn From E-Estonia?

Sun Kim and Dr. Raimund Weiß

Estonia is an EU country where ‘99% of the public services are available online 24/7’ . This article aims to analyse whether Cambodia can develop its own e-government by learning from the Estonian model. To achieve this, the paper first defines and clarifies some key terminologies and phrases vis-à-vis e-government and e-governance. Second, the history of e-Estonia is outlined and its innovations for e-government examined. This includes among others e-cabinet, e-public services and e-democracy. After discussing the development of e-Estonia, the study moves to exploring the digital transformation of Cambodia and explaining the evolution of its e-government. The article also summarises what Cambodia has done already and what it hasn’t, including achievements and challenges in terms of digital infrastructure and digital human capital (digital literacy, skills, knowledge and experiences). The study concludes that Cambodia is undergoing a digital transformation towards e-government. And despite significant differences to the development path of Estonia, it can learn from e-Estonia because both countries share a common vision, that is, utilizing digital technologies to improve government-society relations.

Cambodia v. Hackers: Balancing Security and Liberty in Cybercrime Law

Somaly Nguon & Sopheak Srun

Cybercrime is a well-known, yet poorly understood issue in Cambodia, and the country’s existing legal framework is vague and unclear compared to international standards. Government websites have been subject to cyberattacks since 2002. Targets have included those of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the National Election Committee, the National Police, the military and the Supreme Court; thousands of official documents were leaked online by the hacktivist collective “Anonymous”. There are also reports of malicious local hackers, but most go unnoticed and unpunished. As a developing country, Cambodia lacks good technology practices and legislation because of poverty, poor infrastructure, weak institutions, low literacy and low ICT awareness. This paper outlines the cybersecurity threats it faces and analyzes existing legal measures such as the Criminal Code and the new draft Cybercrime Law, also looking at how these laws could be interpreted too broadly and thereby potentially restrict fundamental rights. Cybersecurity practices in China, Japan and Singapore are briefly explored, followed by recommendations on making cybersecurity law in Cambodia more robust, specific and proportionate, in line with international treaties like the Council of Europe’s Convention on Cybercrime.

Do Cambodians Trust E-Government Services? A Survey

Sereyvisith Sokhan , Chandary Raing & Channara Rin

Lack of user trust is a major reason why e-government projects fail. To align efforts for the successful implementation of e-government in Cambodia, the government focuses on platform development, integration between government agencies and other technical considerations. However, there is no proper discussion about how to enhance citizen trust in e-government services. This study explores user perceptions and trust around e-government in Cambodia by surveying 256 participants recruited through online platforms. The result of this study indicates that among well-educated and regular internet users in Cambodia, the knowledge of e-government is significantly low and that most are still neutral about whether it can be trusted or not. We have suggested several methods and approaches the government could consider in order to boost citizens’ knowledge and trust, which in turn could potentially influence user adoption of e-government.

Decide on Europe

Wie arbeiten und entscheiden die europäischen Institutionen?

70 Schülerinnen und Schüler aus Gymnasien in Tschechien und der Slowakei haben im Rahmen eines fünftägigen Workshops die Arbeitsweise der europäischen Institutionen praxisnah kennen gelernt.

The Risks of Industry 4.0 on Cambodia's Garment Sector

Dr. Daniel Schmücking

There are major innovations in the global economy which could change the face of industrial production forever. A term that embodies multiple new technologies in manufacturing is Industry 4.0. Highly developed countries have the necessary monetary, intellectual and industrial resources to embrace and shape this change, unlike developing countries which are still catching up economically. This is especially true when an economy is highly dependent on just one sector and its low labor costs, as is the case with Cambodia and its garment industry. The impact of digitalization on manufacturing will be significant. Low-skilled jobs could disappear on a large scale and there will be an urge to restructure. To get a better understanding of Cambodia’s economy, this report asks the question: What impact does Industry 4.0 have on the garment sector in Cambodia? The first chapter will focus on global trends in manufacturing which are often described by the term Industry 4.0 and their impact on the garment sector. Afterwards, the report analyzes the risks stemming from these developments on the Cambodian economy in general and on the garment industry in particular, before finally finding and presenting approaches that policymakers could take in order to attain the most positive outcome for Cambodia.

„Too small to fail“?

Gambias Demokratisierungsprozess – zwischen Fortschritt und Frustration

Seit Herbst 2019 demonstrieren Tausende junge Gambier gegen Präsident Adama Barrow, da sie sich von ihrem einstigen Hoffnungsträger hintergangen fühlen. Die unter dem Namen „3 years jotna“ („drei Jahre sind genug“) agierende Bewegung forderte die Abhaltung von Wahlen im Dezember 2019. Am 26. Januar 2020 eskalierte der Protest gegen die Regierung Barrow erstmals gewaltsam. Bei einer Demonstration wurden Anhänger der „3 years jotna“-Bewegung zum Teil schwer verletzt. Die Polizei ging mit Tränengas und Schlägen gegen die Demonstranten vor, die ihrerseits mit Steinen auf Polizisten warfen und Autoreifen anzündeten. Die Regierung soll unter anderem auch Journalisten inhaftiert haben, die im Umfeld der Bewegung agieren. Der tragische Vorfall zeigt, wie angespannt die innenpolitische Lage in Gambia ist und wie notwendig rasche Fortschritte der Sicherheitssektorreform wären.

Fast and Furios: Chinas Aufstieg im Nahen Osten und Nordafrika

Traditionell verfolgte China im Nahen Osten und Nordafrika eine relativ zurückhaltende Außenpolitik. Das hat sich in den letzten Jahren dramatisch geändert. Binnen weniger Jahre hat sich das Land als neue globale Macht in der Region etabliert. Dieser Umstand ist zum einen dem Interesse Chinas geschuldet, den Zugang zu Energie und Ressourcen zu sichern, Handelswege auszubauen und Märkte für die eigenen Exportprodukte zu erschließen. Es geht aber auch um mehr. Deklariertes Ziel von Präsident Xi Jinping ist es, bis 2049 – also zum hundertsten Jahr der Volksrepublik – China zur Weltmacht Nummer eins zu machen.

La región frente a los cambios globales en materia de Seguridad

Policy Paper del libro "La región frente a los cambios globales en materia de seguridad" de la Red de Política de Seguridad

Policy Paper editado por el Instituto de Estudios Internacionales (IDEI) de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú y la Fundación Konrad Adenauer (KAS) en el Perú.

La Unión democráta-cristiana alemana exige más presión a la crisis en Venezuela

Artículo publicado en medio de comunicación Der Tagesspiegel por los diputados Andreas Nick, Jürgen Hardt und Peter Weiß.