Quantum technology is developing into a key technology that is highly relevant to security policy and has far-reaching implications for military, economic, and social structures. Its three main areas of application – quantum computing, quantum sensing, and quantum communication – hold enormous potential, but also pose significant risks.
While quantum computers could compromise existing encryption systems in the near future, quantum sensors enable satellite-independent navigation and more precise reconnaissance. Quantum communication, in turn, promises tap-proof data transmission through methods such as quantum key distribution (QKD).
These technological developments are fundamentally changing the foundations of modern warfare. The ability to process information faster, capture it more accurately, and transmit it more securely is shifting the strategic parameters on the battlefield. At the same time, quantum technologies act as catalysts for other emerging and disruptive technologies (EDTs) such as artificial intelligence (AI), hypersonic technology, and materials research. Their significance therefore extends far beyond the military sphere.
Germany is under pressure in the international competition for these technologies. While countries such as the US and China are investing specifically in military applications and setting up strategic programs, Germany lacks a coherent security policy integration. The German Armed Forces are not yet prepared for the integration of quantum technologies, either structurally or conceptually. The innovation architecture is also too bureaucratic and not agile enough, which particularly disadvantages start-ups with a dual-use focus. The result is security-related dependencies on third countries and large technology companies.
In addition, new risks arise for internal security: quantum-enabled attacks could paralyze critical infrastructure, compromise personal data, and enable new forms of surveillance and disinformation. At the same time, the technology also offers protection potential, for example through quantum-secure communication or improved detection systems.
To meet these challenges, comprehensive “quantum readiness” is required. This includes strategic anchoring in national security documents, the targeted development of quantum technology capabilities in the German Armed Forces, the reform of funding structures based on the model of the US DARPA, and the expansion of international cooperation with NATO, the EU, and technologically leading countries. Only through early, coordinated, and security-oriented engagement with quantum technology can Germany secure its digital sovereignty and avoid security-related dependencies.
Read the entire study: „Quantentechnologie und Deutschlands Sicherheitspolitik: Eine Geopolitische Notwendigkeit“ here as a PDF. Please note, to date the analysis is only available in German.
